Polysiloxanes containing fluoroalkoxyalkyl groups



United States Patent 3,331,813 POLYSILOXANES CONTAINING FLUORO- ALKOXYALKYL GRGUPS Allen G. Pittman, El Cerrito, and William L. Wasley, Berkeley, Calif., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture N0 Drawing. Filed Feb. 10, 1966, Ser. No. 526,378

11 Claims. (Cl. 260-465) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLQSURE A fluoroisopropyl allyl (or vinyl) ether, which contains a fluorine atom on the alpha carbon atom of the isopropyl group, is reacted with a silane containing H directly bonded to the Si atom whereby to achieve chemical addition. Typically, heptafluoroisopropyl allyl ether is reacted with methyldichlorosilane to produce or with trichlorosilane to produce 3)2 F-0(cH sic1,

The silane derivatives are useful, in both monomeric or polymeric form, for imparting a high degree of waterand oil-repellency to fibrous substances, e.g., fabrics made from natural or synthetic fibers. Typically, the monomeric silane derivative is subjected to hydrolytic polymerization and the resulting polysiloxane, dissolved in an inert solvent, is applied to a fabric. The treated fabric is then airdried and cured in an over150 C. for about /2 hour.

A nonexclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the World for all purposes of the United States Government, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.

This invention relates to and has among its objects the provision of novel polymers, namely, polysiloxanes which contain fluoroalk-oxyalkyl groups. Further objects of the invention will be evident from the following description wherein parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

The preparation of the fluoroalkoxyalkyl silane monomers used as starting materials for the preparation of the polymers herein claimed form the subject of our copending application Ser. No. 526,348, filed Feb. 10, 1966. The use of the fluoroalkoxyalkyl silanes and the polymers derived therefrom in treating substratesespecially fibrous substances such as fibers, fabrics, and other textiles-forms the subject of our copending application Ser. No. 526,366, filed Feb. 10, 1966.

The fact that various organic siloxanes confer water repellency on substrates is well known and, indeed, these compounds are used extensively to render ceramics, masonry, and fibrous materials water-repellent. In many instances, water-repellency alone is not sutficient; oil-repellency is also required. This is the case, for example, where the treatment is intended to confer resistance to soils and stains. Since these may involve oil-borne as Well 3,331,813 Patented July 18, 1967 It is, therefore, a prime object of the invention to provide novel compounds which are useful to provide substrates with a high degree of both waterand oil-repellency.

THE NEW COMPOUNDS The novel monomers of the invention have the structure:

wherein X and X are each a halogen,

Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen,

alkoxy, and aroxy,

R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halo-hydrocarbon radicals,

in is an integer from 2 to 3,

n is an integer from 1 to 2,

p is an integer from 1 to 3,

q is an integer from 0 to 2, and

the sum of n, p, and q is 4.

Referring to the above formula, examples of values for the various symbols are given below by way of illustration and not limitation:

X and X may be the same or different halogens, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

Y may be a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine; an alkoxy radical such as methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, butoXy, cyclohexyloxy, or the like; or an aroxy radical such as phenoxy, toloxy, ethylphenoxy, isopropylphenoxy, or the like.

Examples of R are hydrogen; an alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, etc.; an aryl radical such as phenyl, tolyl, ethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, xylyl, xenyl, naththyl, etc.; an aralkyl radical such as benzyl, or 2-phenylethyl; or a halogenated hydrocarbon radical such as 2-chloroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 4- chloro- (or fluoro-) cyclohexyl, p-chloro- (or bromoor fluoro-) phenyl, and the like. I

A particularly critical aspect of the compounds of the invention is the presence of the above-described perhaloisopropyl radical, especially in the fact that it contains a fluorine group in alpha position (that is, on the secondary carbon atom). The unique structure of this radical provides the advantage that it confers a greater degree of oleophobicity for a given number of fluorinated carbon groups than with a straight-chain arrangement of -CF groups. In fact, our investigations have shown that three fluorinated carbon atoms in our arrangement provide a degree of oleophobicity equivalent to 6 or 7 fluorinated carbons in a straight chain. Another important aspect of the invention is that the O(CH portion of the compounds provides effective isolation of the fluorinated isopropyl group from the silyl group. As a result, the compounds are stable and will undergo typical polymerization reactions, unaffected by the fluorine-containing tail. Accordingly, the compounds can be converted into various polymeric derivations useful for a wide variety of uses, including the treatment of textiles and other fibrous materials.

Among the various compounds of the invention, We especially prefer those wherein both X and X are fluorine. These compounds yield particularly good soilrepellent finishes on textiles. Also useful are those compounds wherein X is fluorine and X is chlorine, or wherein both X and X are chlorine.

Considering now. the'silyl portion of the compounds, Y represents a radical which confers reactivity, e.g., it enables the compounds to be polymerized and/or to .chemically combine with substrates to which the compounds are applied. Particularly preferred for Y are chlorine orclower alkoxy such as methoxy or ethoxy. Moreover, it is preferred that the number of Y groups be two or three (i.e., that p be 2 to 3) since such compounds are polymerizable. As to the radical R: When this radical is present (that is, when q is 1 or 2) the preferred embodiments are hydrogen or a simple hydrocarbon radical such as methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.

Taking the above considerations into account, the compounds of the invention which are particularly preferred for use (in monomeric or polymeric form) in the treating of textiles and other fibrous substrates, are those of the types:

01 V Q-Sh-alkyl Q-SiC la H Q (Q) z xy) 2 01 (Q)rSiOlz QS iH alkyl Q,Si (alkoxy) 2 QSi (alkoxy) 3 'In the above :for'mulas, Q stands for the radical CF F( ]O(CH)m (wherein m is 2 0r 3).

PREPARATION OF THE NEW COMPOUNDS In preparing the compounds of the invention, a fluoroisopropyl allyl (or vinyl) ether is reacted with a silane containing hydrogen directly bonded to the Si atom whereby to achieve a chemical addition. (The allyl or vinyl ethers used as the starting material may be prepared by the methods described in our copending applications: Ser. No. 433,818, filed Feb. 18, 1965 and Ser. No. 457,533, filed May 20, 1965.)

Typical syntheses of the compounds of the present invention are as follows:

(1) Starting with the allyl ether:

CF3 Cl F( J-OCHz-CH=OHz HsiioH3 CFs 31 01 FCOCH2OHz-CH2SiOHa (2) Starting with the vinyl ether: CFs org chloropentafluoroisopropyl allyl ether, pfi dichloropentafluoroisopropyl vinyl ether, B bromohexafluoroisopropyl allyl (or vinyl) ether, and the. like.

The silane reactant may be any compound responding to the formula wherein Y, R, n, p, and q are as above defined.

Illustrative examples of the silane reactant are: trichlorosilane; tribromosilane; dichlorosilane; dibromosilane; alkyldihalosilanes such as methyldichlorosilane, butyldichlorosilane, cyclohexyldichlorosilane, etc.; dialkylhalosilanes such as dimet-hylchlorosilane, diethylchlorosilane, and dicyclohexylchlorosilane; aryldihalosilanes and diarylhalosilanes such as phenyldichlorosilane and diphenylchlorosilane; aralkylhalosilanes such as benzyldichlorosilane and dibenzylchlorosilane; silanes containing halo-hydrocarbon substituents such asfl-chloroethyldichlorosilane, 4-chlorocyclohexyldichlorosilane, p-chlorophenyldichlorosilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyldichlorosilane, etc.; silanes containing alkoxy groups such as methyldiethoxysilane, i.e., CH HSi(OC H tiiethoxysilane, i.e., HSi(OC H diethoxysilane, i.e., H Si(OC H dicyclohexyloxysilane, phenyldiethoxysilane, and the like.

It is evident from the foregoing formulas'that the synthesis involves a simple addition of the silane to the unsaturated group of the allyl (or vinyl) ether, the hydrogen of the silane adding to one carbon of the unsaturated pair, the remainder of the silane to the other carbon of said pair. This addition may be carried out over a wide range of temperatures, varying from room temperature to 450 C., and pressures ranging from ambient pressure to or more atmospheres, using free-radical catalysts, such as benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, azo-bis-isobutyronitrile; metals or metal salts such as platinum, palladium, ruthenium chloride, potassium chloroplatinate, or platinum on charcoal or asbestos; organic bases such as triethylamine, pyridine, or pipen'dine; acid catalysts such as chloroplatinic acid or boron trifiuoride. In the alternative, the addition may be effected with U.V. initiation or simply by heating to high temperatures in the absence of a catalyst.

In a typical application, the addition is carried out by heating the reactants in the presence of a catalytic proportion of chloroplatinic acid and the addition product is isolated by distillation. Generally, the addition is carried out at a temperature of about 60 to C. when a catalyst such as chloroplatinic acid is employed. The optimum temperature in any particular case will depend on the catalyst employed. For example, the addition can be conducted at room temperature. with U.V. initiation. In the alternative, the addition may be conducted in the absence of any catalyst, at temperatures of 250 45O C. and under autogenous pressure in a sealed vessel such as an autoclave. The addition may be carried out in the presence 'of inert solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or benzene but these are not usually necessary.

In applying the addition reaction to silanes containing a single hydrogen attached to silicon, the allyl (or vinyl) ether and silane are generally employed in equimolar quantities. Where the silane contains more than one hydrogen attached to silicon, the proportions of reactants may be varied to yield mono-, dior higher addition products. For example, in using a dihydrosilane equimolar proportions will yield mainly the mono-addition product. However, by using an excess of the allyl (or vinyl) etherfor example, from 2 to 4 moles thereof per mole of dihydrosilane,one can prepare the di-addition product, that is, the compound with one silane group'and two perhaloisopropoxyalkyl groups.

Regarding the compounds of the invention wherein Y is alkoxy or aroxy, these may be prepared directly, for example, employing in the addition a hydrosilane containing an alkoxy or phenoxy group. Usually, however, it is preferred to apply the addition to a hydrosilane containing halogen (for instance, HSiCl or CH HSiCI The resulting addition product is then contacted with an anhydrous alcohol or phenol in the presence of an HClacceptor such as pyridine or dimethylaniline to yield the desired alkoxy or phenoxy derivative. A typical synthesis in this area is the conversion of 3-(heptafiuorois'opropoxy) propyl trichlorosilane to the corresponding tri-rnethoxy derivative:

In some cases, these derivatives (e.g., alkoxides) are preferred over the corresponding chlorosilanes since they do not release HCl when contacted with substances containing active hydrogen (as in OH, NH; and like groups). Thus, in applications to various substrates, use of the alkoxides avoids any possibility of damage to the substrate.

USES OF THE COMPOUNDS The compounds of the invention are generally useful as intermediates for various syntheses. Typically, the halosilane derivatives (for example, the compounds as formulated above wherein Y is chlorine) may be reacted: with alcohols or phenols to produce the corresponding alkoxides or phenoxides; with alkylamines to produce the corresponding silylamines; with anhydrides to produce the corresponding acyl'oxysilanes. In addition, the compounds of the invention are useful directly in treating fibrous substrates as explained in more detail below.

PREPARATION OF POLYMERS The monomers of the invention containing 2 to 3 hydrolyzable groups (that is, where p is 2 or 3) are polymerizable and come into special consideration. These compoundsherein designated as diand tri-functional monomers for simplicity of reference-can be formed into homopolymers or copolymers by standard hydrolytic polymerization techniques used with simple chlorosilanes and alkoxysilanes. Typically, the polymerization is effected by stirring the dior tri-flmctional monomer With an excess of water. Linear polymers may be prepared by applying this polymerization to a single di-functional monomer or a mixture of dilferent difunctional monomers. Thus, for instance, one may polymerize S-(heptafiuoroisopropoxy)propyl-methyldichlorosilane, or the corresponding dimethoxy derivative, to yield a linear polymer containing the following repeating unit:

By applying the polymerization to a mixture of the aforesaid monomer and bis-(3-(heptafiuoroisopropoxy)propyl)-dichlorosilane one obtains a linear polymer which contains not only the repeating units shown in Fonrnula 11 above but also the repeating unit:

Generally, the linear polymers derived from the di-functional monomers of the invention are liquids, of a syrupy consistency, poorly soluble in common solvents such as benzene and toluene but readily soluble in fluorinated solvents such as benzotrifluoride, 1,3-bistrifluoromethyl benzene, or trichlorotrifluoroethane.

The monomers described herein may be cop'olymerized with known polymerizable silanes, as, for example, dimethyldichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, methyl di-(or tri-) ethoxysilane, and the like.

Among the preferred types of polymers are those containing hydrogen attached to silicon. These can be prepared in various Ways. For example, a di-functional monomer where R is hydrogen may be polymerized by itself or with a dilferent polymerizable silane. In the alternative, the SiH group may be derived from the co-monomer. Thus, for example, a di-functional monomer wherein R is hydrocarbon may be copolymerized with a known polymerizable monomer containing an SiH grouping, e.g., methyl dichlorosilane, butyldichlorosilane, phenyl dichlorosilane, methyldiethoxysilane, phenyldiethoxysilane, or the like. These polymers containing H bonded to Si have the advantage that when applied to a fibrous materialsuch as one of proteinous or cellulosic natureand subjected to a conventional cure, there occurs an especially good bonding of the polymer to the substrate. The bonding not only occurs by reaction of terminal (unhydrolyzed) radicals in the polymers with reactive sites in the substrate but also by reactions of such sites with the reactive group presented by the hydrogen directly attached to Si. Beyond the use in application to substrates the polymers containing SiH groupings can be formed into rubbery materials, useful, for example, in preparing solvent-resistant gaskets and sealing compositions. In preparing such rubbers, the polymer produced in the usual hydrolytic polymerization is heated, for example, at l00- 200 C. in air with or without a peroxide catalyst whereby a cross-linking takes place, resulting in formation of a rubber, insoluble in common solvents but swellable in fluorinated solvents such as 1,3-bis-(trifiuoromethyl)benzene.

Cross-linked polymers can be prepared by polymerizing the tri-functional monomers alone, or, more preferably, together with a di-functional monomer. Typical in this area is the copolymerization of Z-(heptafiuoroisopropoxy)propyl-methyl dichlorosilane and Z-(heptafluoroisopropoxy)propyl-trichlorosilane by dissolving these monomers in an inert solvent and stirring the solution with an excess of water. The syrupy liquid copolymer which is formed can then be cured to an insoluble rubbery polymer by heating in air at about lO0-200 C.

The polymers which may be produced from the diand tri-functional monomers of the invention may vary in composition over a wide range. For instance, the polymers derived from one or more di-functional monomers will contain repeating units of the formula Rx-n 1 CFQXOFOF2X ,1

wherein X, X, R, m, and n are as above defined.

At the opposite extreme the polymers derived from one or more of the tri-functional monomers will contain repeating units of the formula However, the invention also includes copolymers of the diand tri-functional monomers so that, generically, the polymers ranging from those derived from di-functional monomers, through those derived from mixtures of diand tri-functional monomers, and including those derived from tri-functional monomers, may be considered as containing repeating units of the following average general formula: r a

S lo];

wherein X, X, R,'and m are as above defined and wherein a has an average value from to 1,

b has an average value from 1 to 1.5,

c has an average value from 1 to 2, and

the sum of a+2b+c is 4.

In any of the polymerizations described above, the chain length of the polymer can be limited by adding to the polymerization mixture 21 mono-functional monomer, as, for example, 3-(heptafluoroisopropoxy)propyl-dimethylchlorosilane, which acts as a chain-stopper.

TREATMENT OF FIBROUS SUBSTRATES The compounds described herein are particularly useful for the treatment of fibrousmaterials, such as textiles,

in order to improve their properties, e.g., to improve their oil-, water-, and soil-repellency. In practicing this phase of the invention, a polymer is prepared as described above and applied, in its uncured state, to the fibrous material. The polymer may be a homopolymer, that is, one consisting of recurring units of a di-functional monomer or a tri-functional monomer. Moreover, it may be a copolymer, that is, a polymer containing recurring units of one difunctional monomer interspersed with recurring units derived from one or more different di-functional monomers and/ or one or more tri-functional monomers. The :co-monomers may, for example, be known silanes such as methyldichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, phenyldichlorosilane, and the like. The polymers homoor co-polymers are applied to the fibrous material in conventional manner. Typically, the polymer is dissolved in an inert volatile solvent, e.g., benzotrifiuoride, 1,3-bis-trifluoromethyl benzene, or trichlorotrifiuoroethane. The resulting solution is applied to the fibrous material by a conventional dip and pad technique. By varying the concentration of the polymer in solution and the degree of padding, the amount of polymer deposited on the material may be varied. Typically, the amount of polymer may be from 0.1 to 20%, based on the weight of fibrous material but it is obvious that higher or lower proportions can be used if desired. Usually, in treating textiles such as fabrics, the amount of polymer is limited to about 0.1 to 5% to attain the desired repellency without interference with the hand of the textile. In an alternative procedure, the polymers are applied to the fibrous material in the form of an aqueous emulsion.

After application of the polymer solution, the treated fibrous substrate is subjected to a conventional curing operation in order to bond the polymer to the fibers. As an example of such treatmenfithe fibrous material is heated in the range of'about 50 to 150 C. for a period of 5 to 60 minutes. The solvent (from the polymer solution) may be evaporated in a separate step prior to curing or it may simply be evaporated during the curing operation. In this curing operation the uncondensed or unhydrolyzed groups in the uncured polymer (e.g., halo, alkoxy, or aroxy groups attached to Si) react with reactive sites in the fibers, particularly sites which contain active hydrogen as in hydroxyl, primary and secondary amide, thiol, car-.

boxyl, and like groups. Many types of fibersfor example: wool, silk, hair, and other proteinous fibers; cotton,

. 8 V p all fibrous materials, even inorganicv products such as asbestos and glass fibers, contain moisture and during the curing operation this moisture promotes additional hydrolysis and condensation of unreacted Si-bonded halo, alkoxy, or aroxy groups with the end result that. additional, in situ, polymerization occurs so that the polymer is durably fixed to the treated substrate. 7 a

If it is desired to expedite the curing operation, a conventional curing catalyst may be added to the polymer solution before application to the fibrous substrate or the catalyst may be separately deposited on the substrate before or after application of the polymer solution. Typically, one may use such catalysts as zinc octoate, dibutyltin diacetate or dilaurate, triethanolamine titanate, triethanolamine zirconate, zirconium acetate, zirconium oxychloride, zirconium or-titanium esters of alkanols such as tetrabutyl titanate, zinc perfiuorobutyrate, etc.

Fibrous materials treated with the polymers of the invention display an enhanced resistance to' becoming soiled because they repel both waterandoil-borne soils and stains. Particularly important'in conferring high resistance to soiling by oily materials is the fluorinated isopropyl moiety of the polymers, most importantly the fact that there is a fluorine in the alpha position (the secondary carbon atom). Another significant point is that the enhancement of soil repellency is attained withoutdeteriment to other properties of the textile. In particular, the treatment does not impair the hand of the textile. In fact, the hand is usually improved in that the textile is softer and more supple. Another point is that the improvements rendered by the process are durable they are retained despite laundering and dry-cleaning of the product. Although the preformed polymers are usually applied to the fibrous material, the monomers may be applied as such in the form of a vapor, in the pure liquid form, or from solution in an inert volatile solvent. 0n application of the monomers to the fibrous material, reactions take place whereby the applied compound 'is bonded to the fibers. This bonding is believed to occur through reaction of the reactive groups of the monomer (Y in Formula I, above) with reactive sites in the fibers, particularly sites which contain active hydrogen as in 0H, NH;, -NH-, and similar groups. It

is also believed that concomitantly, polymerization of the monomer occurs in situ on the fibers, such polymerization being promoted by the moisture naturally present in all fibrous materials. To promote the bonding of the monomer and the in situ polymerization thereof, it' is preferred to cure the treated fibrous substrate, for example, at 50-150" C. for 5 to 60 min.after application of the monomer. To expedite the curing operation, one may add a conventional curing catalyst such as those listed above.

The invention may be utilized for improving the soybean, peanut proteins, zein, gluten, egg albumin, col-I lagen, or keratins; nylon; polyurethane fibers; polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate; polyacrylonitrile -based fibers; or fibers of inorganic origin such as asbestos, glass, etc. The invention may be applied to textile materials which are in the form of the bulk fibers, filaments, yarns, threads, slivers, roving, top, webbing, cord, tape, woven or knitted fabrics, felts or other non-woven fabrics, garments or garment parts.

EXAMPLE The invention is further demonstrated by the following illustrative examples. The various tests described in the examples were carried out as described below:

Oil repellency.The 3 M repellency test described by Grajack and Petersen, Textile Research Journal, 32, pages 320-331, 1962. Ratings are from to 150, with the higher values signifying the greater resistance to oil penetration.

Water repelleney.AATC spray test, method 22-1952. Ratings are from 0 to 100, with the higher values signifying greater resistance to water penetration.

Example 1.Preparati0n of 3-(heptafluoroisopropoxy) propylmethyldichlorosilane A heavy-walled Pyrex tube, sealed at one end, was dried and charged with 0.035 mole of heptafluoroisopropyl allyl ether, 0.035 mole of methyldichlorosilane, and 0.15 ml. of a 0.14 molar solution of H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol. The tube was cooled under nitrogen, evacuated, and melt-sealed. This procedure was repeated until five tubes had been thus prepared. The tubes were placed in a steel cylinder and heated at 80l00 C. for 6 hours. After cooling, the contents of the tubes were combined and distilled. The product (40 g., 71% yield) was obtained as a clear liquid, B.P. 43-45 C. at l-2 mm. Hg, density at 22 C. 1.4 g./ml., N 1.3652. The proton NMR and IR spectra were in accord with the structure given above.

Analysis calculated of C F H SiCl O: C, 24.64; F, 38.91; H, 2.63. Found: C, 25.07; F. 39.05; H, 2.77.

Example 2.-Preparati0n of 3-(B-chl0rohexafluoroisopropoxy prop-yl-m ethyldich lorosi lane Addition of B-chlorohexafluoroisopropyl allyl ether to methyldichlorosilane, using a chloroplatinic acid catalyst, was carried out in sealed tubes at 80-400 C. as described in Example 1, using 0.06 mole of B-chlorohexafluoroisopropyl allyl ether, 0.06 mole of rnethyldichlorosilane, and 0.25 ml. of a 0.14 molar solution of H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol. An 80% yield of the .product was obtainedB.P. 58-59 C. at 1 mm. Hg, N 1.3906.

Example 3.Preparati0n of 3-(,8, 3-clichl0r0pentaflu0r0- isopropoxy propylm ethyldichlorosilane Addition of fl,fi'-dichloropentafluoroisopropyl allyl ether to methyldichlorosilane was carried out as described in Example 1, using 0.09 mole of ,B,B'dichloropentafluoroisopropyl allyl ether, 0.09 mole of methyldichlorosilane, and 0.5 m1. of a 0.14 molar solution of H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol. An 82% yield of the product was obtained B.P. 6768 C. at 0.25 mm. Hg, N 1.4097.

Analysis calculated for C F H SiCl O: C, 22.48; F, 25.40; H, 2.43; Si, 7.5; Cl, 37.9. Found: C, 22.59; F, 25.86; H, 2.46; Si, 6.75; Cl, 36.58.

Example 4 The same product as obtained in Example 1 was prepared in 25% yield by heating the following ingredients in a sealed tube at 90 C. for 10 hours: 0.02 mole heptafluoroisopropyl allyl ether, 0.02 mole methyldichlorosilane, 0.002 mole t-butyl perbenzoate.

Example 6.Preparati0n 0 3-(B-chlorolzexafluoroisopropoxy propyl-trichlorosilane 0 F3 F )OCH2OH2CH2SiC13 The compound was prepared by heating the following ingredients in a sealed tube at C. for 6 hours:

0.09 mole B-chlorohexafluoroisopropyl allyl ether 0.09 mole trichlorosilane 0.25 ml. of 0.14 molar H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol The product was obtained in 60% yieldB.P. 54 C. at 0.51 mm. Hg.

Example 7.Preparation 0 3-(heptafluo roisopropoxy) propyl-afphenylchlorosilane The compound was prepared by heating the following ingredients in a sealed tube at 90 C. for 6 hours:

0.09 mole heptafluoroisopropyl allyl ether 0.09 mole diphenylchlorosilane 0.3 ml. of 0.14 molar H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol The product was obtained-RP. C. at 1.5 mm. Hg; N 1.5383.

Example 8.Preparati0n of Z-(heptafluoroisopropoxy) ethyl-methyldichlorosilane The compound was prepared by heating the following ingredients in a sealed tube at 90 C. for 6 hours:

2.5 ml. heptafiuoroisopropyl vinyl ether 2 ml. methyldichlorosilane 0.06 ml. of 0.14 molar solution of H PtCl -6H 0 in isopropanol A 73% yield of product was obtained-B.P. 55 C. at 20 mm. Hg.

Analysis calculated for C F H SiCl O: C, 22.03; F, 40.6; H, 2.16; Si, 8.59. Found: C, 21.07; H, 2.31; F, 39.75; Si, 3.93.

Example 9.Preparati0n of 2-(fit-chlorohexafluoro'isopropoxy ethy l-methyldichlorosilane The compound was prepared by heating the following ingredients in a sealed tube at 90 C. for 6 hours:

0.03 mole jS-chlorohexafluoroisopropyl vinyl ether 0.03 mole methyldichlorosilane 0.12 ml. of 0.14 molar solution of H PtCl -6H 0 in isopropanol it A 75% yield of product was obtainedB.P. 70 C. at 20 mm. Hg. v

Example 10.-Preparatin of 2-(heptafluoroisopropyl) ethyl-trichlorosilane 0E F(|3OCHzCHz-Si0la V C a The compound was prepared by heating the following ingredients in a sealed tube at 90 C. for'6 hours:

0.01 mole heptafiuoroisopropyl vinyl ether 0.01 mole trichlorosilane 0.05 ml. of 0.14 molar solution of H PtCl -6H O in isopropanol An 84% yield of the product was obtainedB.P. 50 C. at 20 mm. Hg.

The compound was prepared as described in Example 1, using the following ingredients:

the desired diadduct was obtained-B.P. 140 C. at 0.5-2 mm. Hg.

Example 12.-P0lymerizati0n of 3-(hepfafluo-roisopropoxy propyl-methyldichlorosilane The dichlorosilane, prepared as described in Example 1, was polymerized in the following manner: A 3-ml. sample of the dichlorosilane was added dropwise to 10 ml. water with vigorous stirring. After the addition, stirring was continued for 30 minutes. Water was removed and the polymeric siloxane, containing a repeating unit of the structure:

was washed several times with water to remove residual HCl. The olysiloxane was a thick, but pourable, liquid which was not readily soluble in toluene but could be easily. dissolved in trichlorotrifiuoroethane.

Example 13.-Polymerization of S-(heptafluor-oisopropoxy pro'py l-trichlorosilane (a) The trichlorosilane, prepared as described in EX- ample 5, was polymerized by addition to an excess of water as described in Example 12. The polymeric siloxane was a thick, gummy mass which flowed very slowly at room temperature. It was insoluble in acetone and V toluene but soluble in trichlorotrifluoroethane and 1,3-

bis- (trifiuoromethyl) benzene.

(b) A portion of the polysiloxane was placed in an open vial in an oven held at 150 C. for 24 hours. At the end of this heating period, the gummy material had been converted into a highly cross-linked clear, rubbery solid which was insoluble and did not appear to swell in toluene or heptane. It was also insoluble in trichlorotrifluoroethane. The polymer did not undergo visi-blecharring or gas evolution on heating to 350 C. in air.

Example 14.-C0p0lymerizati0n of methyldichlorosilane and 2-(heptafluoroisoprapoxy)propyl-methyldichlorosilane (a) A mixture of 1 ml. of methyldichlorosilane and 3 ml. of 2-(heptafiuoroisopropoxy)propyl methydichlorosilane was added slowly to'15 ml. of water with stirring. After the addition, the mixture was stirred an additional 30 minutes and the water removed by decantation. The siloxane polymer was then washed several times with water to remove residual HCl. A thick liquid polymer was obtained which had limited solubility in toluene, heptane, and acetone.

(b) The linear polysiloxane was cured to a highly crosslinked rubber by either heating with a peroxide catalyst or simply heating in an open vessel. For example, a l-gram sample of the liquid polymer was heated in an open vial in an oven at 150 C. for 48 hours. At the end of this time, the resulting polymer was a clear, rubbery material which would not dissolve or swell in toluene, acetone, or hcptane but appeared to swell slightly in fluorinated solvent such as 1,3-bis-(trifiuoromethyDbenzene. The polymer was heated in an open test tube to 360 C. There were no obvious signs of degradation; the polymer remained a clear, rubbery solid after this heat treatment.

Analysis.Found: C, 26.85; H, 2.97; F, 45.92; Si, 1 1.68.

Example 15.Preparati0n and polymerization of 3- (lzep tafluoroisopropoxy propyl-trimethoxysilane was obtained in a yield of BR 39 C. at 0.5 mm. 7

Hg, N 1.3481.

Analysis calculated for C F H SiO C, 31.03; F, 37.06; H, 4.3; Si, 8.04. Found: C, 31.48; F, 38.38; H, 4.23; Si, 8.00.

Polymerization of the trimethoxy derivative was carried out by hydrolysis as described in Example 13. The thick, viscous polymer so obtained was cured to an insoluble, clear rubber by heating in an open vessel at C. for 10 hours.

Example 16.--Preparati0n and polymerization of 3- (heptafluoroisopropoxy )propy l-methy ldiethoxysilane The dichlorosilane obtained in Example 1 was converted into the diethoxysilane by addition to an excess of anhydrous ethanol. The compound had a B.P. of 93 C. at 1-2 mm. Hg.

Polymerization of the diethoxysilane was effected in the manner as described in Example 12, i.e., stirring into water. The polymer was' a thick liquid, not readily soluble in toluene, soluble in trichlorotrifluoroethane.

Example 17.C0polymerization of $(j8-chl0rohexaflu0roisopropoxy propyl-m ethyldichlorosilane and 2- (heptafluoroisopropoxy propy ltrich lorosilane A mixture of 3 ml. each of the dichloroand t-richlorosilanes was dissolved in 20 ml. diethyl'ethenA saturated solution of water in 30 ml. of diethyl ether was then added with stirring. After the addition, 10 ml. more water were added and the mixture stirred vigorously for one hour. The mixture displayed three phases-precipitated polymer, an

ether phase, and a water phase. The last was removed and discarded. The ether phase was separated, washed with water, the ether evaporated, and the residual polysiloxane added to the precipitated portion. The polysiloxane was a thick, syrupy liquid. It cured to an insoluble rubbery solid by heating in air at 150 C. for 48 hours.

Example 18.Application of Z-(heptafluoroisopropoxy) ethyl-methyldichlorosilane to textiles A solution of the dichlorosilane (synthesis shown in Example 8) in toluene was prepared. Swatches of cotton fabric were immersed for minutes in the solution held at 80 C. The swatches were then removed from the solution, rinsed twice with acetone to remove unreacted dichlorosilane, and cured in an oven at 150 C. for 5 minutes.

The treated fabric exhibited a water-repellency rating of 100 and an oil-repellency rating of 50. The corresponding characteristics of the untreated fabric were both zero.

Example 19.Application of S-(heptafluoroisopropoxy) propyl-tfichlorosilane to textiles A 50% solution of the trichlorosilane (synthesis shown in Example 5) in toluene was prepared. Fabric swatches of wool and cotton were placed in the solution, and held therein for 10 minutes at 80 C. The swatches were then removed from the solution, rinsed twice with acetone to remove unreacted trichlorosilane, dried in air, and cured at 150 C. for 10 min. Tests on the fabrics before and after the treatment gave the following results:

Fabric Oil repellency Water repellency rating rating Cotton, treated 90 100 Cotton, untreated 0 0 Wool, treated 80 100 Wool, untreated 0 50 Example 20.Application of 3-(heptaflu0roisopropoxy) propyl-trimetlzoxysilane to fabrics Material Oil repellency Water repellency Wool (Procedure A) 70- 80 100 Cotton (Procedure A) 70- 80 90 Wool (Procedure B) 90100 100 Cotton (Procedure B) 70- 80 9O Untreated wool- 0 50-60 Untreated cotton 0 Example 21.Examination of the liquid-solid Contact angles of glass coated with several chlorosilanes Three solutions were prepared in toluene of the agents listed below, in each case at a concentration of 2.5%:

Solution A: dimethyldichlorosilane Solution B: 3-(heptafluoroisopropoxy)propyl-methyldichlorosilane Solution C: 3-(heptafiuoroisopropoxy)propyl-trichlorosilane.

Glass slides were held in each of the solutions for 10 seconds, then withdrawn vertically and shaken to remove any adhering droplets. The slides were then placed in an oven at 150 C. for 10 min.

After cooling to room temperature, contact angle measurements were made of droplets of pure hexadecane on the treated slides. The contact angle is an inverse measure of the wettability of a surface, e.g., the larger the angle the less wettable is the surface. The results are tabulated below:

Contact Solution Compound applied angle. degrees A Dimethyldichlorosilane 36.0 B 3-(heptafluoroisopropoxy)propylmethyldichlorosilaue. 49.7 C 3-(heptafluoroisopropoxy)propyltriehlorosilane 61.2

1 Average of 3 to 5 measurements.

The results indicate that 3-(heptafluoroisopropoxy) propyltrichlorosilane produced the least wettable surface whereas the known compound, dimethyldichlorosilane, produced the most wettable.

It is of interest to note that a drop of hexadecane placed on an untreated glass slide will not form a distinct drop but will spread out in a continuous film, i.e., the contact angle is zero or expressed in other words, the surface is wetted by this liquid.

Example 22.Application of polymer derived from 3- (heptafluoroisopropoxy)propyl-trichlorosilane to wool The polymeric gummy siloxane prepared by hydrolysis as illustrated in Example 13, Part a, was dissolved in trichlorotrifluoroethane (4% solution). Swatches of wool fabric were immersed in the solution, removed and air dried, then cured at 150 C. for 30 min.

Tests on the treated and untreated fabric are tabulated below:

Fabric Oil repellency Water repelleney Treated Untreated 1 0 50 It was also observed that the hand of the treated fabric was softer and more luxurious than that of the untreated fabric.

Example 23.Applicati0n of a copolymer derived from 2 (heptafluoroisopropoxy)ethyl methyldichlorosilane and methyldichlorosilane to wool The liquid copolymer prepared according to Example 14, Part a, was dissolved (4%) in trichlorotrifluoroethane and applied to wool fabric. The fabric was air dried, then cured at C. for 10 min. The fabric had a waterrepellency rating of 100 (untreated, 50) and had a hand superior to that of the untreated fabric.

PREPARATION OF STARTING COMPOUNDS As noted above, the preparation of the allyl (or vinyl) ethers used as starting materials in the present synthesis are described in our prior applications 433,818, filed Feb. 18, 1965 and 457,533, filed May 20, 1965. To provide an independent disclosure, the following examples of the syntheses are included herein. The expression diglyme used below is an abbreviation for the dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol.

Example A.-Preparati0n of 5,13'-dichloropentafluoroisopropyl allyl ether OFzCl FCOOH:OH=OH2 OF Cl A dry, 250-rnl., three-neck flask was fitted with a Dry- Ice reflux condenser, gas-inlet tube, and magnetic stirring bar. Sixteen and eight-tenths grams (0.30 mole) dry potassium fluoride was placed in the flask, followed by 100 cc. diglyme. This dispersion was cooled to minus 15 40 C. by applying a Dry-Ice cooling oath to the flask. Sixty grams (0.30 mole) of sym-dichlorotetrafluoroacetone was introduced into the flask. The cooling bath was then removed and the system allowed to come to room temperature. As the system warmed, formation of the fluorocarbinolate OFZCI (I'JFECI V was evidenced bythe disappearance of the dispersed KF, giving a homogeneous solution.

Then, 36 grams (0.30 mole) allyl bromide was added in one batch. The Dry-Ice condenser was replaced with a water condenser and the reaction mixture was heated for 10 hours at 80-90 C. The solid precipitate of potassium bromide was then removed b'y'filtration and the filtrate poured into 250 cc. of cold water. The lower (fluorocarbon) layer was removed and washed three times with 50-cc. portions of water. Forty grams of crude product was obtained. This product was purified by fractional distillation, yielding 20 grams of pure allyl ether, B.P. 130 C. at 760 mm.

Example B.-Preparatin of ,8-chlorohexafluoroisopropyl allyl ether Using the procedure described in Example A, the following materials were applied to the reaction:

Potassium fluoride g 41 Diglyme (solvent) cc 90 Monochloropentafluoroacetone g 41 Allyl bromide g 28 Forty grams of crude product was obtained which was distilled to yield the pure allyl ether, Bl. 97 C. at 760 mm.

Example C.I reparati0n of heptafluoroisopropyl allyl ether or. Fc'10-on, -oH=cHi Using the procedure described in Example A, the following materials were applied to the reaction:

Potassium fluoride g 15 .3

Diglyme (solvent) cc 9O Hexafluoroacetone g 44 Allyl bromide g 32 The allyl ether was obtained in a yield of 68%, B.P. 61 C. at 760 mm.

Example D.Preparation of heptafluoroisopropyl vinyl ether CF; F(i,O- -GH=OH2 CF21 V A dry, 500-rn1., three-neck flask was equipped with stirring bar and Dry-Ice reflux condenser and then charged with 31.8 g. KF (0.54 mole) and 250 ml. diglyme (the dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol). The flask was then cooled in a Dry-Ice acetone bath and 90 g. (0.54 mole) hexfiuoroacetone introduced. The contents of the flask was stirred and allowed to come to room temperature as the formation of potassium heptafluoroisopropyl alcoholate took place. After approximately one hour the alcoholate formation was complete, as evidenced. by the disappearance of dispersed KF, and a clear solution was obtained. One-hundred and fifty grams (0.8 mole) of 1,2-dibromoethane was then added, in one batch, to the 1 56 contents of the flask. The Dry-Ice condenser was replaced with a water-cooled condenser and the flask was heated at 75 C. for 6 hours. As the reaction progressed, KBr precipitated out of solution. The reaction mixture was poured into 3 volumes of cold water and the lower fluorocarbon layer collected. This fluorocarbon layer (169 g.) was washed twice with water and dried. It was analyzed with a gas chromatographic unit and found to contain ca. 33% of the desired mono-addition product and approximately 8% of the di-addition product and unreacted starting material. The mono-addition product, l-bromo- 2-heptafluoroisopropoxyethane was separated by fractional distillation 30% yield, B.P. 103 C. at 760 mm.; N 1.3360.

In a 3-neck, 100-ml., dry, round-bottom flask, equipped with a condenser, stirring bar, and thermometer, was placed 30 ml. methanol and 15 g. KOH. The mixture was stirred and heated to -l00 C. Then 10 g. of 1-bromo- 2-heptafiuoroisopropoxyethane was added over a period of 15 minutes. During the addition, the condenser water was shut off and the condenser was allowed to warm to 40-50 C. to allow for removal of product. The mixture was heated an additional 20 minutes after the addition of the bromo-fluoro-ethane had been completed. The product (6.8 g.) was collected in a Dry Ice trap which was connected to the outlet of the condenser. Distillation of the crude product gave 4 g. of pure vinyl ether, B.P. 29 C. at 760 mm.

Example E.Preparati0n' of fl,,8'-dichloropentafluoroisopropyl vinyl ether C FzCl F O-CH=C H2 C FzCl l-bromo 2- 3,5dichloropentafluoroisopropoxy)eth- V ane was prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example D, using equimolar quantities of 1,2-dibromoethane, potassium fluoride, sym-dichlorotetrafluoroacetone (i.e, ClF CCOCF Cl), and diglyme as a solvent. Gas chromatographic analysis of the crude product indicated a 60% conversion to the desired 1-bromo-2-(fi,pdichloropentafluoroisopropoxy)ethane Example F.Preparati0n of fl-chlorohexafluoroisopropyl vinyl ether 1-ch1oro-2-( B chlorohexafluoroisopropoxy)ethane was prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example D, using equimolar quantities of l-bromo-Z-chloroethane, monochloropentafiuoroacetone, KF, and diglyme as solvent. The crude product was dehydrochlorinated directly without preliminary purification, using hot alcoholic KOH as described in Example E. The vinyl ether was purified by distillation, B.P. 53-55" C.

17 18 It is evident from the above examples that other allyl 8. The siloxane polymer of claim 7 wherein .X and X or vinyl ethers can be prepared by appropriate selection are each fluorine. of the ketone starting compound. 9. A siloxane copolymer which contains Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: (I) recurring units of the formula 1. A siloxane polymer which contains recurring units of the average formula Z-n 1 11 S|i0- SiOb (11 2)! HQm (I) O CFzX-C F-CFzX n CFX (IJFTOFXI c wherein: wherein:

X and X' are each halogen, R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halo-hydrocarbon radicals, in is a number from 2 to 3, a is a number from 0 to 1, b is a number from 1 to 1.5, c is a number from 1 to 2, and the sum of a+2b+c is 4.

X and X are each halogen,

R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent halo-hydrocarbon radicals,

m is an integer from 2 to 3, and

n is an integer from 1 to 2,

and

(H) recurring units of the formula 2. A siloxane polymer which contains recurring units of the formula ($131M Z-n (I) s:1o- I CF:XOFOF2X f wherein: X, X, and m are as above defined.

0 10. The siloxane copolymer of claim 9 wherein X and 1, n X are each fluorine. wherein; a 11. A process for preparing a siloxane polymer which X and are each halogen, comprises subjecting to hydrolytic polymerization a silane R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, of the formula monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent GFQX Y halo-hydrocarbon radicals, 1 m is an integer from 2 to 3, and n is an integer from 1 to 2. omx R; 3. The siloxane polymer of claim 2 wherein: X and X are each F, Whefelni R alkyl and X and X are each halogen, 1s Y is a member of the group consisting of halogen, 4. The slloxane polymer of claim 3 wherein R is ,alkoxy, and aroxy, methyl R is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, The slloxane Polymer of dam 2 Wherem: monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent X 3 are each F, halohydrocarbon radicals, 1 and m is an integer from 2 to 3, n 15 n is an inte er from 1 to 2, 6. The siloxane polymer of claim 2 wherein: e is an integer f 2 3, f are each R and f is an integer from 0 to 1, and 1S the sum of n, e, and f is 4. 7. A siloxane polymer which contains recurring units f the formula References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,012,006 12/1961 110131001: et al. 260448.2 0 3,127,433 3/1964 Tarrant 26046.5 I 3,132,117 5/1964 Schmidt 260-465 wherein:

X and are each halogen, and DONALD E. CZAJA, Primary Examiner. m is an integer from 2 to 3. M. I. MARQUIS, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A SILOXANE POLYMER WHICH CONTAINS RECURRING UNITS OF THE AVERAGE FORMULA
 11. A PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SILOXANE POLYMER WHICH COMPRISES SUBJECTING TO HYDROLYTIC POLYMERIZATION A SILANE OF THE FORMULA 